Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen. Today we are going to visit The Mosque,which is a major spot for religious activities of over 60,000 Moslems in Xi'an, likewise, an important cultural relic protected by t he Provincial People„s Government. Unlike the Arabic mosques, with splendid domes, the minarets reachin g into the clouds,
the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns, the Mosque here in Xi'an posses ses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook; besides the style peculiar to Islam ic mosques, this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ri dgepoles.
However, any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction o f Islam into China is brought up.
Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century A.D. and was introduced to China in the mid-600s. At that time, Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic, trade, and military contacts with China.
In the meantime, another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China's Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down an d married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems.
The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane we visit today is the largest in Xi'an, and at the same time, it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale, and well preserved mosques in China.
According to “the Stele on the Building of the Mosque”, the mosque is said to be built in the Tang D ynasty. However, the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty. The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12,000 square meters, out of which about 4,000 are occupied by various structures. The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard, built at the turn of the 17th century, with glazed tiles on the top, spectacular corners and upturned eav es, is about 9 metres high, and has a history of about 360 years.
The stone memorial gateway in the center o f the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each, recording the r epair work ever since the building of the Mosque. On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu, “May Buddhism Fill the Universe”, on the other, “Royal -Bestowed”by Dong Qichang, another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty. They are treasures in Chinese calligrap hy. At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall, where a “month tablet”, showing the calc ulation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic, is stored.
It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty. A three –storeyed octagonal wooden structure called “ Retrospection Tower”also stands in the center of the courtyard, which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries, and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Mosle ms to come to worship. Respectively, on the south and north wings of the tower, are a reception chamber an d a Scripture Chamber, both elegantly laid out. The five wooden houses, which are called “Water Houses”in the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they atten d their services.
And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called “the Pavilion of Phoenix”, a plac e where the worshipers used to wait for the services. The Pavilion, in fact, is a compound structure of three small buildings. The six-gabled structure of the central part, adjoining the two three-gabled buildings on ea ch side looks very much like a flying phoenix, and hence its name. Just at the back of the Pavilion, there is a fishpond, beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2. Across both ends of the platf orm stands the 1,300 square metered service hall, holding over a thousand worshipers at once.
There are ov er six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels, are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings. The imam leads his group of worshipers, while facing in the direction of Mecca, to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage.The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world. They worship five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at dusk, and at night. Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers, usually at home. Moslems pay spe cial attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes. They are teetotalers not only of wi ne, but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being “unclean”.
According to Koran, a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out. However, except a few places in Xinjiang, the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out. Upon his death, a Moslem has to be “thoroughly cleaned”(thoroughly bathed), has to be put on “Ke Fan”(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground, with an imam recitin g Scriptures at the funeral.
The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserv ing or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted. And of course, the Moslems in China en joy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected eve rywhere in the country.
Ok, everyone, so much for this today. We still have some free time. So next, you may look around a nd take some pictures. We‟ll leave at 11o‟clock, so please don‟t be late. You know I will miss you. And I‟l l stay here, if you have any question, please ask me. By the way, watch your step please! So next, it‟s your t urn. Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening.